向往的生活6-伊人伊人综合在线观看-午夜福利视频合集1000集第五季-偷窥 亚洲 色 国产 日韩-777午夜福利理论电影网-日韩经典欧美一区二区三区-久久se视频精品视频在线-亚洲A片一区日韩精品无码

Statins, the first-line medication for dyslipidemia, are linked to an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. But exactly how statins cause diabetes is yet unknown. In this study, a developed short-term statin therapy on hyperlipidemia mice show that hepatic insulin resistance is a cause of statin-induced diabetes. Statin medication raises the expression of progesterone and adiponectin receptor 9 (PAQR9) in liver, which inhibits insulin signaling through degradation of protein phosphatase, Mg2+/Mn2+ dependent 1 (PPM1 alpha) to activate ERK pathway. STIP1 homology and U-box containing protein 1 (STUB1) is found to mediate ubiquitination of PPM1 alpha promoted by PAQR9. On the other hand, decreased activity of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4 alpha) seems to be the cause of PAQR9 expression under statin therapy. The interventions on PAQR9, including deletion of PAQR9, caloric restriction and HNF4 alpha activation, are all effective treatments for statin-induced diabetes, while liver specific over-expression of PPM1 alpha is another possible tactic. The results reveal the importance of HNF4 alpha-PAQR9-STUB1-PPM1 alpha axis in controlling the statin-induced hepatic insulin resistance, offering a fresh insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying statin therapy.